Learning objectives of the student Essay Example for Free

Learning goals of the understudy Essay Before the finish of the award time frame, the students ought to have the option to: †¢ Internalize the essential meanings of ideas which will be met during the investigation. †¢ Use the different strategies for estimating methods to discover estimations of straightforward lengths. †¢ Use the estimation instruments adequately in class and outside the study hall. †¢ Demonstrate on the board on the utilization of the different apparatuses in estimating. †¢ Apply the information learned in class, all things considered, circumstance I. e. giving the understudies a difficult life application question and seeing whether they can find the solutions accurately. Technique for Instruction: Teacher may embrace the guidance drove strategy to scatter data to the students by utilization of portions of data and introducing the thought methodicallly. Educator can embrace utilization of the exhibition strategy where the student follows in detail how a specific method or procedure is being followed. The talk strategy is likewise a typical instructional technique which can be utilized by the instructor. This includes the educator gives monolog data without getting reactions from the students. The educator can utilize the training guidance for the student. This alludes to a definite advance wherein the student is taken through with the goal that he can get a handle on the idea. The understudies can likewise be left all alone to rehearse what has been realized in class, in this way the training technique is another instructional strategy to be utilized in the study hall. Reference: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Retrieved o

Representing Nature in Jeddah city Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speaking to Nature in Jeddah city - Term Paper Example In January 2011 heavy rains caused damaging floods. Huge salvage activities were very effective and numerous individuals were cleared from the zones presented to the debacle (Byron, 2011). Purportedly, the harm brought about by the flood â€Å"was credited to the absence of a waste framework for flooding and downpour water† (Byron, 2011). Deficient seepage framework prompted spread of sewage. Honestly, the sewage and defiled water can cause expansion of various sicknesses in individuals and creatures. Aside from this sewage and debased water prompts various ecological issues. For example, it contrarily impacts ground waters prompting â€Å"salinization of the water influencing vegetation in the areas† (Magram, 2009, p.125). It's implied that this natural issue has been considered strategically. Now it merits referencing that most of ecological issues ought to be (and typically are) respected strategically, because of the idea of these inquiries which are â€Å"inherent ly subjective† (Norheim, 2004, p.48). ... Remarkably, Jeddah is â€Å"the most huge city† in Saudi Arabia and its development â€Å"has been fast and diverse† (Magram, 2009, p.120). Quick development of populace and mechanical improvement of the city which was joined by the advancement of entertainment framework and the absence of regard for natural issues prompted ecological debasement. Such issues as sewage limit issues, desalinization of water which compromises marine biological system, ground water sullying, which is the wellspring of various maladies (and can even reason scourge) have not draw in much consideration until floods caused difficult issues. Note that floods are repetitive marvels in Jeddah. In 2009 there was a flood which likewise caused various casualties and cash misfortunes. Allegedly, the administration attempted to take care of these issues, however this year flood demonstrated that these measures were inadequate. All the more thus, individuals contended that â€Å"hundreds of a huge numb er of dollars spent on overhauling the readiness after last year’s flood were purportedly loaded with defilement deals† (Nuseibeh, 2011, p.7). Insufficient approach of people with significant influence prompted various uproars. Apparently, the flood in Jeddah occurred â€Å"at a period of remarkable unrest† in Saudi Arabia. As a matter of fact, ecological issues disturbed the circumstance. Now it is conceivable to bring up that natural issues, saw strategically, can be utilized by various individuals in an unexpected way. In any case, they have just caused social and political fights. Then again, the individuals who need to pick up people’s trust can utilize (and do abuse) these issues promising to tackle natural issues brought about by floods, or forestall the floods. Subsequently, these issues can prompt political changes. It goes

Creative College Essay Topics List

Creative College Essay Topics ListMany college essays get written that are not really all that creative. They are pretty much the same essay topics every year. If you would like to write a more original essay, there are a few tips you should be aware of. Writing an original essay is easier than you might think.You should never try to keep writing the same essay each year. Start writing a college essay each year, but just change up the style. One of the best ways to get this into your head is to write a new essay each year, but only change one or two aspects of it. This may sound a little bit crazy, but it's just one of the things that I did when I was writing college essays.Start out by choosing a common topic. The theme of this kind of essay is based on some form of current events or trends. The topics can vary but usually fall under one of these general categories.In other words, you will probably find that the first year you write a college essay, you will write on current events. The reason for this is that it will be the most important thing for you to do at this point in your career. It will also give you a very interesting topic to begin with.For example, if you are working on a paper about fashion trends, you will find that many of the common themes are people talking about clothing. You can then move on to the next year and write about trends in science. Or you can go back to another subject altogether and try something completely different.Another tip for your college essay is to try something a little bit different each year. Instead of writing about how people dress, you might want to write about how people think about dress. Perhaps you will want to focus on art history or music. The idea is to give you a lot of variety and keep you guessing what you will be covering next year. Most of the time, the topic you choose is going to depend on what the current trends are, but you may still be able to make some changes to the topic itself.This method is n ot necessarily going to give you the best results, but it will certainly be different than the traditional college essay topics list. A well-written essay can be found to be of much better quality than the same essay in a certain category. If you follow this method, you will end up with a better essay that people will actually want to read!

Pharma Company-Restructuring Cost - 892 Words

Case 10-3 Restructuring Costs Pharma Co. (Pharma or â€Å"the Company†) is a U.S. subsidiary of a U.K. entity that prepares its financial statements in accordance with (1) U.S. GAAP for reporting to its U.S.-based lender and (2) IFRSs in reporting to its parent. Pharma is in the process of restructuring a business line. As part of the restructuring, the Company is considering the relocation of a manufacturing operation from its present location to a new facility in a different geographic area. The relocation plan would include terminating certain employees. IAS 37 includes guidance for accounting for restructuring costs in accordance with IFRSs. Paragraph 10 of IAS 37 defines restructuring as follows: [A] programme that is planned and†¦show more content†¦4. The cost to dismantle the existing manufacturing operation is estimated to be $1 million. In the jurisdiction in which Pharma operates its current facility, there is no legal obligation for dismantling plants when abandoned. Pharma has not historically dismantled its plants when abandoned but decided to make an exception. In a press Copyright 2009 Deloitte Development LLC All Rights Reserved. Case 10-3: Restructuring Costs Page 2 release, the Company has stated its intention to dismantle the existing operation. The costs to reassemble the operation in the new facility have not yet been finalized. Required: †¢ †¢ In reporting to its U.K. parent under IFRSs, how should Pharma account for the above restructuring program for the year ended December 31, 2011? In reporting to its U.S.-based lender in accordance with U.S. GAAP, how should Pharma account for the restructuring program for the year ended December 31, 2011? Copyright 2009 Deloitte Development LLC All Rights Reserved. Case 10-3: Restructuring Costs Page 3 APPENDIX A Press Release Pharma Co. Announces Early Lease Termination Tulsa – 12/15/2011 – Pharma Co., a leading pharmaceutical developer, today announced its plan to terminate the lease on its Plant A facility located in Bellvue, Oklahoma, as part of its management restructuring and cost-cutting measures. Earlier today, Pharma Co. entered into anShow MoreRelatedResructuring Cost880 Words   |  4 PagesIFRS Case Re structuring Costs Pharma Co. (Pharma or â€Å"the Company†) is a U.S. subsidiary of a U.K. entity that prepares its financial statements in accordance with (1) U.S. GAAP for reporting to its U.S.-based lender and (2) IFRSs in reporting to its parent. Pharma is in the process of restructuring a business line. As part of the restructuring, the Company is considering the relocation of a manufacturing operation from its present location to a new facility in aRead MoreRestucturng1670 Words   |  7 PagesPharma Co Date: June 18, 2016 Prepared by: John B. Owens Viewed by: Joseph Walsh Issue: Determine proper accounting treatment for restructuring program costs under GAAP for the year ended December 31, 201X. Background: Pharma is in the process of restructuring a business line. As part of a restructuring, the Pharma is considering the relocation of a manufacturing operation from its present location to a new facility in a different geographic area. The relocation plan would includeRead MorePharma, Co617 Words   |  3 PagesSolution for the Case 10-3 - Restructuring Cost Pharma Co. should account for the restructuring program in different ways for the U.K parent and to U.S.-based lender. A. With respect to IFRS, company should use IAS 19 and 37. According to the IAS 19, paragraphs 133 and 134, entity should recognize termination benefits when company terminates the employment of employees before normal retirement date and company has detailed formal plan for termination. This plan should include theRead MoreCase 11-4 Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesCase 11-4 SUBJECT: Determining the Functional Currency of Sparkle Company Sparkle Company is a Nigerian diamond mining company. Sparkle is a joint venture, 50 percent owned by Shine and 50 percent owned by Brighten. Both Shine and Brighten are U.S.-based companies with their functional currency being the American dollar. Sparkle Companies functional currency is that of Nigeria, being the Naira. During 2009, Sparkle had several transactions with its joint venture owners and outside parties. TheRead MoreAccounting for Pharma Co.’S Restructuring Program of Relocating a Manufacturing Operation Including Terminating Certain Employees Under Ifrss and Gaap.2546 Words   |  11 PagesPharma Co. Date: October 8, 2012 Prepared by: Lily Xu Reviewed by: Professor Dennis Goodman ISSUE: Accounting for Pharma Co.’s restructuring program of relocating a manufacturing operation including terminating certain employees under IFRSs and GAAP. BRIEF BACKGROUND Pharma Co. is a U.S. subsidiary of a U.K. entity that prepares its financial statements in accordance with (1) U. S GAAP for reporting to its U. S.-based lender and (2) IFRSs in reporting to its parent. Pharma. Co is in theRead MorePharma Company Restructuring Plan- Accounting Under2082 Words   |  9 PagesPharma Company Restructuring Plan- Accounting Under IFRSs U.S. GAAP Introduction and Background Pharma Company is a U.S. based subsidiary of a U.K. organization and prepares its financial statements in accordance with both U. S GAAP (for reporting to its U.S. based lender) and IFRSs (for reporting to its U.K. parent). As part of a restructuring plan for one of their business lines, Pharma Company is considering the relocation of a manufacturing operation from its current location in Bellvue,Read MoreTo What Extent Does a Mature and Cyclical Product Market Drive Corporate Restructuring? Use an Example to Discuss Whether Restructuring Transforms Market and Financial Performance.1669 Words   |  7 Pagesand cyclical product market drive corporate restructuring? Use an example to discuss whether restructuring transforms market and financial performance. A business, which has a product that runs in a cyclical and mature market, will eventually not have the ability to ‘grow’ anymore as it will reached the ‘top’. Therefore to continue making its business profitable, increase shareholder value and work more effectively they under go corporate restructuring. This is a process used in all sorts of firmsRead MoreEffectiveness Of Glaxosmithkline s Corporate Governance Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagesthen it makes good use of extensive data on sales revenue, share price oscillations, pipeline status and return on equity to assess how well GSK maximizes shareholders demand. However, GSK has neglected the demand of the other stakeholders of the company, Regardless, this report positive recommendation can be summarized into two themes. Firstly, irrespective of the depressed economy and market overload, GSK continues to have strong financials, as well as having ideas for diversification into otherRead MoreGlaxosmithkline s Financial Performance : Glaxosmithkline1166 Words   |  5 Pagesvery similar to the a pre existing drug Tagamet (first ever blockbuster) sold by Smith Kline French, their completion at the time (MONTALBAN and SAKINÇ, 2011). The introduction of this drug, brought about an increasing sales force in the US, the company so on became dependent on the drug, because it represented a large part of their profit. In 2002, 8 blockbusters of GSK contributed to $14.240 million sales revenue, taking up 53% of its total ethical sales (Froud et al 2006). However, due to theRead MoreOverview of SQUARE pharmaceuticals LTD2777 Words   |  12 Pagessourcing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in the post-WTO era, with its advanced a manufacturing capability. SPL is one of the first companies to have an extensively computerized and automate working environment connecting every corner of the country to the centre. Productivity through connectivity is one of our heritages of progress. SPL is the first company to go  beyond the national boundary, exporting its quality products in overseas markets in Asia Africa, and Europe. More than that, SPL has

Short Story - 1062 Words

Taehyung gasped loudly, expecting the worse, but only whimpered softly, melting onto the door once it all sank in. Jeon Jungkook kissed him. Taehyung shouldn’t be mad, he did gave Jungkook the impression that Taehyung wanted to take over Jimin’s position. Taehyung just thought that Jungkook would have given him enough time to settle in his room before explaining to Jungkook what he saw. Guess he was wrong. Kissing Jungkook wasn’t too bad, it didn’t felt like how it was with Jimin, but at least it didn’t felt like the time with Chung-Hee. It was aggressive and strong, held a lot of tongue and saliva, but if Taehyung was honest†¦ he could honestly enjoy it. Even more when he slipped his eyes shut and allow himself to relax against the door†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You need to get away.† â€Å"What are you talking about? I need to get out of here and find out what the fuck is going on? My brothel is getting fucking shot up,† Jungkook hissed out, spinning around in an attempt to get to Taehyung’s door, but before he could even re ach the knob, Taehyung’s hands were on his wrist. First reaction was to shoot. Taehyung was annoying and it was clear he had an early death wish. â€Å"Let me go, Taehyung. I am not kidding about shooting you.† At least, he gave a warning, no one can say he didn’t care or he didn’t show a sign of remorse. Jungkook was the King of Remorse. Kim Namjoon could eat it. â€Å"I know,† Taehyung stressed out, edging towards the window and getting on his high tippy toes, touching the old locks, it was rusting greatly, but it still did its job in keeping Kim Taehyung in. â€Å"But you can’t go out there. There men out there here to just kill you. The only way they leave is if you leave,† Taehyung explained before flickering his eyes towards the door once he heard a familiar female scream outside his door. They were near. It didn’t take a genius to know where Jungkook was and if they were watching as close as Taehyung guessed, they would be here any second. â€Å"There been a man watching the brothel for days now. He is here to kill you. He came with his own gang and he knows you are here.† â€Å"How do you know?† Jungkook asked, jumpingShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

The Quiet Farmhouse Scene Analysis - 1205 Words

The contrast between the dark introductory scene with that of the quiet farmhouse scene helps to build the difference between the outsider (Capote) and his new friends at the party. His rather charismatic and friendly rapport endears him to the crow encircling him to hear his juicy tales about Jimmy Baldwin; who seemingly has a new novel in its final stage (Capote 3). This chatter seems to be his initial entry strategy into this rather quiet Holcombe town, Kansas. He therefore meticulously uses his friendly stature coupled by odd mannerisms, and the welcoming nature of the locals to go about his investigative business. His initial approach to the investigators from the Kansas Bureau of Investigation about the â€Å"The scarf†, that â€Å"It’s from Bergdorf’s†. He nevertheless makes the situation worse by telling the lead investigator, Alvin Hughes, that his main intention in being there is just to witness the town’s reaction, rather than finding the killers. Sensing the confusion, he shifts his position by purporting to be interested with the killers as much as the other town folks are. Not to be left out, Capote goes overboard in his quest for answers by trying to inquire from the murdered girl best friend. His research assistant, Nelle, intervenes by doing the inquiry in a more relaxed manner. His approach was more subjective in the way he talks to Jack, his lover, about the murder (Dupee Frederick 3). He even comments that it’s like the people do not likeShow MoreRelatedPoems: City Planners15330 Words   |  62 Pagesthat we can all relate to and share. Her attitude - and the narratorial tone of the poem - seems negative. She uses words like ‘offends us’, ‘discouraged’, ‘avoidance’, ‘sickness lingering’, including the semantic field of illness. These seem mostly quiet, and passive, but as the poem progresses, she shifts into a more violent tone, with ‘hyster ia’, ‘bruise’, ‘vicious’, ‘capsized’, and ‘insane’. How the TONE of the second poem is different to the first: In contrast, the language of the PlannersRead MoreComposer Franz Schubert As A Master Composer Of Songs2593 Words   |  11 Pages and solo works as well. Close analysis of his music reveals how skillfully Schubert was able to set text, move fluidly to foreign keys, and much more. In this paper, Schubert s vocal piece entitled Erlkà ¶nig and his work for solo piano, Moments Musicaux 5 in F minor, will be explored more deeply The text in Erlkà ¶nig begins and ends with a nameless narrator. He opens, setting the scene, a father rides with his sick child in the night, racing to a nearby farmhouse to get help for his son. â€Å"SchubertRead MoreWitness by Peter Weir Notes12043 Words   |  49 PagesNOTES ON MODULE B, WITNESS BY PETER WEIR, 1985 Introduction: * Engage in a detailed analysis of a text * Understanding of how the ideas, forms and language of a text interact within the text and may affect those responding to it. * Students will need an understanding of film techniques and of the police drama genre. Important aspects to know: * Visual techniquesenhance understanding of characters * Editing techniquescreate suspense, establish characters, create atmosphere, positionRead MoreThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow - Summary and Analysis11462 Words   |  46 PagesThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow Summary and Analysis Major Themes Veracity in Storytelling Veracity in storytelling is a defining theme of â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.† The story is distantly removed from the reader—Crayon has found the story in Diedrich Knickerbocker’s papers, who is dead, and who at the end of the story writes that he heard it from an old gentleman, who claimed to not have even believed half of it himself, ultimately getting much of the story from primary or even other secondaryRead MoreEssay on Georg Lukacs, quot;the Ideology of Modernismquot;7555 Words   |  31 Pagesand the final showdown. Are these realistic scenes, or modernist ones? Use Lukacss categories to distinguish. li value=2 Nichols is a Marxist novelist, and wrote MBW as a Marxist novel. If he is anything like Lukacs, this should mean that he takes ideology seriously as a key to good guys (socialists, or the poor workers and farmers oppressed by capitalists) and bad guys (capitalists and their lackeys). Discuss the two crucial showdown scenes in the reading for today, Ruby and her men shootingRead MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 PagesUniversity of Leiden 14 June 2012 Department: Language and Culture of China Course: Visual Political Communication (BA3) Semester: Summer Semester 2011/2012 Lecturer: Florian Schneider Journey to the West A Textual-Visual Discourse Analysis Name: Stefan Ruijsch (Student No. 0620203) Major: Chinese Studies, BA 3 E-mail: s.ruijsch@umail.leidenuniv.nl Phone: 06-48369645 Address: Vrijheidslaan 256, 2321 DP Leiden Word Count: 9,387 Table of Contents pageRead MoreEssay about The Razors Edge Study Guide23742 Words   |  95 Pagesplease visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide−razors−edge/ Copyright Information  ©2000−2007 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Premium Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, CompareRead MoreEffects and Implications of Coalition Governments on the Political Scnerio in India16277 Words   |  66 Pagesof coalition parties. These characteristics stem from different institutional and political situations that coalitions face, but are also connected to long-standing psychological explanations of group decision making. Our study is a quantitative analysis using published data on the characteristics of coalitions. Politics of India The place in a framework of a federal parliamentary multi-party representative democratic republic modeled after the British Westminster System. The Prime Minister of IndiaRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics

The Basics of Connecting to Building a Relationship with Nature free essay sample

In a book way ahead of its time, Aldo Leopold wrote a group of essays framed around ecological understanding and relationship. A Sand County Almanac, written in 1949, first gets the reader to love nature and see beauty in even the smallest creatures and plants. Gradually, Leopold brings more of the harms from human hands into the picture to make it known that the natural environments he described in the beginning will soon disappear. The book is not one that every person would read for pleasure, but its basic ideas are key in order to have progress of nature conservancy in a world with progress of technology and should be taught to everyone to minimize environmental mistakes and ignorance of nature. In Part I of the book, Leopold celebrates the abandoned sand farm by intimately describing the abundance of nature that the rest of society would only see as unimportant or not of any use. Leopold is the middle-man between the ignorant reader and the knowledgeable wilderness, and tries to open eyes by discussing the history and stories of both animals and plants. He instantly pulls the reader into an oaks history in the essay Good Oak, describing snippets from the past as he rewinds year by year, sawing into the tree ring by ring. We sensed, Leopold wrote, We sensed that these two piles of sawdust were something more than wood: that they were the integrated transect of a century; that our saw was biting its way, stroke by stroke, decade, by decade, into the chronology of a lifetime, written in concentric annual rings of good oak (9). He went deeper in Come High Water when describing the autobiography of an old board as a type of literature not yet taught on campuses, and all riverbanks as [libraries] where he who hammers or saws may read at will. High water, from floods, brings with it an accession of new books or pieces of lumber, each with its own story to tell to a nyone who actually tries to listen (25). All of this is the first key part in moving forward with nature: understanding. By acknowledging that nature has its own stories to tell and by listening to them, people can begin to have respect for it in a number of ways. Leopold deliberately immersed himself in the wilderness not only to understand the nature available to him, but to personally connect with it as well. By using personification at various points in his essays, along with letting himself become a student to his dog, a relationship with nature is beginning to show. One of the best examples of personification in his writing is in The Green Pasture, where the river is a painter of one-time portraits. Do not return for a second view of the green pasture, for there is none, Leopold tells the reader. But in your mind you may hang up your picture, and hope that in some other summer the mood to paint may come upon the river (52). The painting of the green pasture created by the riv er was a personal image held in his mind, one he described as so evanescent that it is seldom viewed at all. He has quietly and humbly allowed himself to be placed within one of natures secret spots, giving it the attention it surely deserves. The river being in a painting mood, in return shows him the garden of [the deers] delight. In a serious but slightly comical way, Leopold tells the reader how his dog is a professor on partridges and how he himself has become his pets pupil. He persists in tutoring me, with the calm patience of a professor of logic, in the art of drawing deductions from an educated nose. I delight in seeing him deduce a conclusion, in the form of a point, from data that are obvious to him, but speculative to my unaided eye. Perhaps he hopes his dull pupil will one day learn to smell. (63, 64) Unlike many people in society, he is able to accept the fact that, as a human, there are things to be learned from animals, even his own pet. This is a second idea, the notion that not only do humans need to understand nature, but that a relationship with nature can broaden eyes, ears, and minds as well. Throughout the rest of the book, Leopold tends to grow more analytical about the ever expanding, fast-paced society. He views mankind as ignorant and because of its lack of knowledge, it has brought destruction when trying to create more connections between man and nature by going about it in the wrong way. â€Å"Man always kills the thing he loves, and so we the pioneers have killed our wilderness† (148). For one to see humans as murderers of nature, one must believe that nature, both animal and plant species, is just as valuable, if not more so, as humankind. â€Å"The ultimate value in these marshes is wildness, and the crane is wildness incarnate. But all conservation of wildness is self-defeating, for to cherish we must see and fondle, and when enough have seen and fondled, there is no wilderness left to cherish† (101). Humans have the misconception that nature is simply there for them to â€Å"see† and â€Å"fondle† with, but the truth is that it is something to be respected and cared for in a natural way. The life of every river sings its own song, but in most the song is long since marred by the discords of misuse. Overgrazing first mars the plants and then the soil. Rifle, trap, and poison next deplete the larger birds and mammals; then comes a park or forest with roads and tourists. Parks are made to bring the music to many, but by the time many are attuned to hear it there is little left but noise. (149, 150) This brings the question: Do people need roads or roadmaps to lead them to nature? Or is it the opposite, that the blank places on maps, the spaces in between the roads and cities, are where the true beauties of nature’s secrets lie? As dirt roads become concrete avenues and highways, as humans try to flatten nature in some areas and control it in others, the environment many once knew will either cease to exist or transform into something falsely beautiful. Once one understands nature and has the ability to personally connect with it is when one can not only respect it, but feel sadness and hurt when it’s being mistreated. Leopold himself had all of these traits, which were intricately expressed in his narrative-like essays. Many people mistakenly believe that progress lies in the future of technology, and if that’s the case, progress will have a limit. The truth is, progress lies in the future of nature. If it goes extinct, humankind will not only lose a larg e part of itself, but also the history of the natural world as well as the lessons and stories nature still has to tell.

Climate change and its effects on tourism in coastal areas

Research issue and justification The issue to be examined is climate change and its effects on tourism in coastal areas. Tourism in most coastal areas encompasses a series of activities. Some may involve accommodation, others may entail water sports while others may involve visitation of sites in coastal areas.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Climate change and its effects on tourism in coastal areas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All these aspects of the visitors experience can be tremendously affected by climatic changes. Ability to offer hospitality services can be hampered if buildings and other infrastructure have been ruined by a climate related disaster. Alternatively, the physical features that form part of a coastal tourist destination can be ruined by climatic changes. For example, coral reefs, beaches and other features may be tarnished. Also, certain goods or services offered to tourists in coastal areas are dependent on the ecosystem. It is for this reason why the issue of climatic change needs to be studied and understood thoroughly; the report will attempt to do this through holistically and through case based approaches. The reason why the topic was selected was that climate change has been known to create adverse effects in various sectors of the economy (Karen et. al, 2009). It is therefore critical to understand why this issue would be relevant to the tourism sector. Furthermore, coastal areas have been known to bear the heaviest toll of climate change. In fact, most climatic changes usually start in these regions and eventually spread to the rest of the country. This means that stakeholders in coastal areas are also likely to face severe losses if climatic change occurs. Coastal areas are also known for their tourist attractions as most of them depend heavily on this industry for revenue. The research will crucial in identifying a problem that has and will continue to exert negative effects on the tourism sector. It will provide solutions on how climate change in coastal areas can be tackled so as to minimise its effect on the industry.Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research will therefore contribute towards greater economic maximisation from the tourism sector. Since tourism has been known to fight poverty in a series of countries then these findings will definitely boost the income potential of these areas and eventually increase the economic output. Statement of research method The research will depend on the use of secondary sources for analysis. These will include Government statistical reports on climate based changes done in coastal areas, periodicals that cover the issue of climate change with regard to tourism and/ or hospitality management, academic reports done in various parts of the world concerning the topic, prof essional bodies’ reports (especially international ones) that have carried out studies concerning tourism in coastal regions and industry specific magazines that discuss the subject matter and offer possible solutions towards it. Lastly, the research will also use a number of electronic sources which have been authored by credible writers concerning the issue. The major limitation of this method of research is that the inefficiencies in research found in the primary source will be carried forward into this report. For instance, the author or researcher may have used a small sample in order to come to his or her conclusions and this may be misleading. Alternatively, it maybe that the data itself was not counterchecked; numerous mistakes can occur during the data collection process so one can never be sure about the material. In order to overcome this limitation, only reports that have high degrees of reliability and validity will be used in the findings section. On the other h and the nature of the research examined will also play a major part in determining its usage. It is likely that a vast amount of research carried out in that area will not be directly related to the research topic. For instance, a research paper may be focusing on the effect of climate change on coastal areas without necessarily focusing on tourism. The industry may be mentioned as a sub section such that the data employed in that analysis may not be so useful to this research. Also, this method is restricting especially in terms of accessibility because certain reports are rarely available to the public.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Climate change and its effects on tourism in coastal areas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An abstract or introduction section may be offered online but if one needs to gain access to the whole report, then one may have to part with a lot of money in order to do so. This would mean that one would have to collect a series of abstracts in order to find out if there is a recurring pattern. Relying on a few of these would be insufficient. Lastly, the research method chosen will rely on information that is already in the public domain. It may be difficult to find something exclusive such that the report can boast of greater propriety or greater information advantage than other reports in the market. Major findings Literature review of the issue (academic and government sources) The WTO found that coastal areas such as the Mediterranean coast, i.e. areas like Cyprus, Sicily and Malta, were responsible for approximately 270 million tourism visitations in the year 2010 (CTO, 2001). This means that these areas are heavily dependent on the tourism subsector as a source of income. It should be noted that coastal areas are characterised by very delicate ecosystems (IPCC, 2001). Some of the most prominent ones include coral reefs and mangroves. If climatic changes wer e to take place then these areas would be tremendously affected. Some tourists enjoy seeing natural organisms in their habitat; examples include those groups that engage in snorkelling and deep sea diving. Others enjoy the vast amount of sea food found in those locations such as crabs and prawns. Others may engage in boating around those coastal areas and these activities all tend to benefit local communities. When tourists visit such areas, most will look for souvenirs or other similar artefacts’ which will remind them of that coastal area. Furthermore, they will need some form of accommodation which will often be provided by the local community. In this regard, tourism at the coastal areas contributes towards employment amongst locals who may not have any other means of earning a living. Furthermore, such areas can be rich in foreign exchange earnings since most tourists will spend a lot when they visit those areas (Agnew Viner, 1999).Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would also translate into great income streams for governments such duties and taxes are charged on services offered, alcohol bought or any other items purchased. Many studies have looked at how tourism can cause global warming but few have focused on how the reverse is true; that global warming and climate change can also affect the tourism industry. Since tourism involves all the above mentioned activities then one must look at how these activities lead to either an increase or decrease in profitability within the tourist industry. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research organisation carried out a research on climate change and found that global warming will contribute and has contributed towards extreme weather events (Mc carthy et. al, 2003). Increases in temperature have brought about adverse effects on coastal areas which continue to report greater intensity of wind cyclones. Their estimates indicated that wind speeds have increased by approximately five to te n percent. Additionally, they found that stronger tides would be reported in the coast with cycle rainfall also increasing. In the future, it is likely that climate change would lead to a greater rise in sea levels (Beer, et. al., 2003). The effect of these changes in the climate will most likely be shown through greater flooding. This would ruin some of the infrastructure that had been built for tourist purposes such as resorts, gift shops, roads, bridges and airports. Those natural disasters would also hamper the ability of tourists to travel from one area to another in the coastal destination because transportation systems or electricity systems can be damaged by floods or cyclones on any area. These winds would also cause severe beach erosion yet most tourists target coastal areas for their warm sandy beaches. That would mean a loss of potential revenue streams from these areas. Furthermore, the floods would affect the settlements and local communities in the coastal towns thus causing vast migration by some of them to main lands. There would be a service gap for tourists who need locals to service their needs. Low lying areas are especially vulnerable to this kind of flooding. It is also likely that As stated earlier, several tourists visit the coast in order to enjoy the biodiversity of the region, climate change causes these areas to lose out on certain plant and animal species such as the barrier reef and certain butterfly species. Coastal areas would therefore lose out on these kinds of tourists (Baumert et. al., 2003). Several tourist infrastructures can be found in coastal areas. For instance, some people have built resorts; others have created airports, golf courses and even marinas in order to cater to the high number of visitors that come there. Sometimes, these areas can be adversely affected by severe weather conditions thus implying that there would be minimal ways for catering to the needs of tourists as they visit those coastal areas. Countr ies can therefore lose a lot owing to these effects of climatic change on those destinations. Comparative analysis of the issue internationally (2 countries) The case of the Caribbean The Caribbean coastal region comprises of a series of countries including Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Bahamas and Barbados. Most of these coastal areas have been prone to a series of natural hazards such as volcanic eruptions, landslides, hurricanes and even floods. Studies carried out by MET (2008) indicate that social economic and policies on proper land use has increased the region’s proneness to these disasters. Some individuals have deduced that these activities have contributed to climate change hence those disasters. However, others oppose it; despite this lack of consensus, there is still no doubt that climate change and their occurrence are interlinked. In 1989, a hurricane took place in Puerto Rico, St. Martin and Barbuda’s coastal regions. The major challenge was that these a reas were highly dependent on yachting as a tourist attraction (Jackson, 2001). Estimates have indicated that the area lost close to 200, 000 dollars per yacht owing to the loss in revenue from the disaster. The damages were so severe that they led to unexpected losses amongst the groups concerned. Also, those very regions kept experiencing more hurricanes that have caused fear in potential tourists who may have been interested in visiting the town. It is also likely that these hurricanes may keep occurring in the near future. In St. Kitts coastal town Port Zante, Hurricane Georges took place and it severely hampered the tourist activities of that area. The town was mostly identified for its cruise ship tourism. In fact the hurricane caused severe damage to the cruise ship pier which implied that several passengers could not utilise the cruise ship. Many large vessels could no longer be accommodated there and the region suffered tremendously from this issue. These occurrences indica te that with continual temperature rise, such incidences are likely to occur in the future and would continue to exert a heavy toll on stakeholders in the tourism sector in those areas( Nurse, 2001). In Barbados during the year 1978, there were tremendous increases in the amount of El Nià ±o water; consequently, a lot of coral leaching took place. These waters were associated with the rising ocean temperatures going on around the world which were attributed to climatic changes. Although Barbados recovered from the effects, it has still been ascertained that its coastal regions will be vulnerable to such kinds of disasters. The Coastal Zone management Unit which is in charge of coral reef monitoring found that climate changes were responsible for these occurrences. They explained that minimisation of certain coral reef species such as Black band and white plaque was brought on by these waters. In these circumstances, the areas reported a decrease in earnings from tourists who do scu ba diving as well as snorkelling (lisa, 2001). It has also been shown that a series of tourist resorts and hotels in these areas have been built dangerously. Since climate change is causing these areas to be increasingly vulnerable to heightened tidal waves and flooding then chances are some 6, 100 hotel rooms found in Barbados coastal region will be affected since they are about twenty metres above sea level. In the event of a hurricane as it occurred in the past, those resorts would be greatly damaged thus affecting the tourism sector negatively. Smith Water international carried out a survey on Jamaica especially coastal areas of Montego bay and found that they would be affected by storms since they are merely one or two metres away from the permitted watermark designated by international institutions. Case of Namibia Namibia has been affected by climatic changes as seen through coastal erosion and disappearance of plant and animal species in the coastal zones. This country repor ted an increase in sea level. Consequently, areas such as Heties Bay and Swakopmund started experiencing erosion. Those regions recorded reduced income revenues and therefore felt that it would have been imperative for them to have prevented the problem rather than wait for it to get out of hand (Walvis bay, 2010). A number of floods also took place in Cuvelai Etosha basin which is a coastal region in the north central part of Namibia. These floods were responsible for a substantial amount of damage to the infrastructure in this coastal town thus minimising the tourism activities that went on in this area. The floods that took place in 2009 led to a minimisation of economic flow in that territory (Recovery platform, 2010). Challenges presented to the industry by climate change in coastal areas and how it will be addressed In summary, the challenges presented to the tourism industry can be categorised as direct and direct. Direct effects were those ones that affected all the structur es and services that have been built specifically for tourists in coastal areas or those natural features which specifically attract tourists to these towns. Some of these effects of climate change in coastal regions include reduced yachting revenues, cruise ship revenues, less deep sea diving revenues and snorkelling. Climate change has also led to damaged resorts, hotels and other tourist facilities in those areas. Some of the ways in which these problems in coastal areas can be addressed include sensitisation of the public concerning the effects of climate change (Hare, 2003). Owners of resorts and hotels need to make their staff understand the potential ramifications of a natural disaster that would have been brought on by climatic changes. These stakeholders need to know that there is a direct link between tourism and climate change. Secondly, coastal regions along with their countries need to minimise green house emissions as these are the number one cause of global warming. A lso, those respective regions can practice shoreline management. This should entail beach improvement as well protection of coastal areas’ shorelines. Since property owners and investors are the ones that will be affected then they need to be involved in the financing process. However, their efforts need to be backed by governments. Countries such as Barbados take their coastal management programs seriously. Over the past four decades, the country has spent approximately sixteen point six million US dollars on planning and improving their beaches. Other countries that utilise their coastal areas for tourism should do the same in order to facilitate improvements. Also, governments need to step in and distinguish between private and public shore lands. This will assist them to prevent erosion through the construction of sediment trappings as wells as groynes for the prevention of beach shorelines. Countries that do not have legislation to control land ownership in these coastal zones need to do so as soon as possible. Since some of these disasters will be inevitable then concerned parties need to start planning for their occurrence. Once coastal areas have suffered the effects of hurricanes, floods or cyclones then that should be an indicator that climate change is likely to increase their occurrence. These coastal zones should do shelter planning for yachts. They also need to ascertain that they have back up for sheltering their boats such that they can be evacuated to safer areas away from storms (GSDRC, 2009). Governments in areas that have immense coastal tourism need to come up with policy frameworks that cover the protection of coastal zones. They need to ensure that tourism is practised sustainably so they should cover all these aspects in the policy statement. Issues such as emergency planning as well as coastal development zones need to be considered. Conclusion and recommendation There is link between tourism and climate change in coastal towns going by the occurrences in the Caribbean coastal areas as well as coastal areas in Namibia. These changes led to floods, hurricanes, storms, cyclones, beach erosion, infrastructural damages, destruction of plant species in coastal areas and rising tidal waves. All these effects hampered tourism by eliminating or eroding physical features that attract tourist to coastal towns or by indirectly affecting the locals and systems that service most tourists as they stay in the coastal areas. It is hereby recommended that governments have a huge role to play in mitigating the negative effects of climate change on coastal towns. They can enact policies, protect beach property ownership, finance protection policies, sensitize the public and carry out emergency planning. On the other hand, people within the private sector can also play their part by engaging in sustainable tourist practices such that they can minimise their impact on the environment. References Agnew, M. Viner, D. (1999). Cl imate change and its impacts on tourism, climate research unit. WWF-UK report. Beer, T. Hubbert, G., Walsh, K. McInnes, K. (2003). Impact of sea level rise and storm surges on a coastal community. Natural hazards journal, 30, 188-197. Baumert, K., Herzog, T., Pershing, J. Markoff, M. (2004). Climate data: insights and observations. Alington, Pew Centre on global climate change, 45. CTO (2001). Caribbean Tourism statistical report, Government report, 1999-2000. GSDRC (2009). Economic aspects of adaptation to climate change: cost, benefits and policy instruments. Web. GSDRC. Hare, W. (2003). Assessment of knowledge on impacts of climate change-contribution to the specification of Art. Berlin. UNFCCC report. IPCC (2001). Climate change impact 200, IPCC report, 45(34-56). Jackson, I. (2001). Yachting Study. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean report, 4(56). Jackson, I. (2003). Potential impact of climate change on tourism. Mainstreaming adaptation to climate change project report, 45(1-23). Karen, P., Holper, P. Mandy, P. (2009). Face global warming or lives will be at risk. Melbourne, The age newspaper, 23. Leisa, P. (2001). Enhancing beach management: an integrated adaptive approach. ECLACR report, 32. Mccarthy, J., Canziani, O., Leary, N. White, K. (2003). Third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, Cambridge university press. MET (2008). Climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessment for Namibia’s biodiversity and protected area system. [Online] MET. Nurse, L. (2001). Likely consequences of projected climate change: Adapting to climate change in the Caribbean. Sherboune Conference Centre, Barbados, 13 December, 2001. Recovery Platform (2010). Post disaster need assessment: Namibia. Web. Recovery platform. Walvis Bay (2010). Economic impacts of climate change in Namibia. Web. This report on Climate change and its effects on tourism in coastal areas was written and submitted by user Kellen A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

With Funny Quotes, Selfie Addiction May Not Be Such a Bad Thing

With Funny Quotes, Selfie Addiction May Not Be Such a Bad Thing If you havent already joined the selfie brigade, you are missing something. Even as we speak, selfies are being clicked and uploaded on every possible social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Tumblr. According to some surveys, over 1 million selfies are uploaded each day! And the number will continue to increase, as more and more people get tech savvy. Who Are These People  That Are Clicking Selfies? Who isnt? Right from your neighbor to Michelle Obama, to the Pope... everyone is clicking selfies. And why wouldnt they? It is fun to pout and pose in front of a camera, and show your flattering side without being self-conscious. With the availability of various apps in the market, you can enhance your appearance to give Angelina Jolie or Daniel Craig a run for their money. Selfie addicts often go through great pains to get the picture perfect. Many take multiple pictures until they zero in on the right one. Some go to the extent of clicking over a hundred images until they get the right pout. Selfies Are Not Just to Pout and Shoot; They Make a Statement I wonder what would Freud have to say about this new self-obsession that has caught on. Is this a narcissistic trend? To a conservative thinker, it might very well seem like a bit of self-obsession. While old school preaches humility, the new generation wants to flaunt and flash with  abandon. The youth has higher self-awareness, and they dont bury their head in the sand. On the contrary, selfies are the right instrument to make a statement. You can portray yourself in various avatars. Selfie Culture May Not Be So Bad After All Are you worried that your teenage son is growing up to be a selfie addict? Do you worry that this overbearing trend of exhibitionism  is eroding social values? Well, lets get real. This is the age of information technology, where you communicate in split seconds. Even as you read this, millions of  bytes of data are being exchanged, ideas germinated, trends created, and new business plans chalked out. Should we not board this gravy train? That said, selfies are a reflection of the changing times. Selfies document the phases of a persons life. Its like keeping an online picture book; except that you allow the world to have access to it. If selfies are created aesthetically, they can tell a story. How to Crack People Up With Your Selfies Nobody wants their selfie to go unnoticed. While going topless may not be your best bet to grab eyeballs, you can try something else instead. The next time you post your duck face, splash a funny quote right across the image. Now, youve got a winner! Who wouldnt want to smile at your selfie when they see your devil-may-care attitude? These funny quotes for selfies are just a beginning. As you get better at this game, you can create your own funny selfie quotes. You can also create cool profile quotes with your selfies. Cute profile quotes will make your selfies  popular. My formula for success is rise early, work late, and strike oil.

Energy Resource Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Energy Resource Plan - Essay Example This fact makes public discourse on the subject all the more important. As a rule, renewable energy sources have many advantages over non-renewable ones. For example, a very widely used energy resources is petroleum. Given the scarcity of this resource, not only is it economically unviable in the long term, but highly malefic to environmental health. The carbon monoxide emissions from automobiles that run on refined petroleum pose serious health consequents to life on earth. On the other hand, tapping energy inherent in natural phenomena is a more prudent way of energy consumption. For example, hydro-electric power generation, wind-mill based energy creation, energy derived from bio-mass, etc. are not only less harsh on the environment, but are sustainable in the long term too. There are many ways in which each of us can help conserve energy. A simple example would be car-pooling and using public transportation for most commuting purposes. This would cut down on the amount of energy consumed by the community. Secondly, significant reduction in energy consumption could be achieved by adopting scientific approaches to building houses, especially in regard to heating and cooling systems. Also, all energy run appliances in the house like the air-conditioners, washing machines, refrigerators, etc., can all be made more energy efficient by applying a few basic conservation principles. In light of growing concerns regarding depletion of energy resources and their negative impact on environment and health, the government’s role has become a very important one. Unless strict regulations are imposed on industries and other commercial enterprises, this trend cannot be stopped let alone reversed. Governments can set up dedicated agencies to study industry trends so that regulations can be imposed at an early stage. Government can fund independent/industry research units to come

Learning disabilities are fatal in organization Essay

Learning disabilities are fatal in organization - Essay Example In these days, there are lots of methods and modes that are being catered to analyze and solve certain issues and problems. We can see this through theories and other set of explanations which sought to analyze and identify predicaments within our society and also to other fields of leaning like in the fields of natural sciences and health sciences. Because of these, they are now a wide scope of critical thinking which is good because it tends to shape our world to a competent and creative society - able to offer an effective solution thru competent analysis and creative thinking. In this paper, we will be dealing on one of the most brilliant ideas on how to attain and obtain as well, a productive and fruitful organization. It is brilliant because of its realistic approach which tends to directly oppose hindrances that could make an organization or company in its growth. As Senge (1990) would suggest, we should also focus on disabilities rather than always on the brighter or good sid e because this could also help us to find ways to prevent such crisis or other negative phenomenon in occurrence. Because if we could identify these co-called disabilities, we could find ways to stop it and deal with it ahead of time; whilst avoiding it to obstruct our company’s or organization’s progress. ... ive in our own way having a unique elucidation to overcome the predicaments that will threaten our organization or company’s advancement as well as its existence. Therefore, we shall be explicitly see those solutions suggested by Senge (1990) through looking at disabilities to have a keen idea of which would be to focus to attain maximum development and to have a fine sense to where would be the weak points and areas that could be the source of conflict or malfunctions. Because if we could identify this weakness or disabilities, it could be a source of strength in the future by improving this and diverting it to an asset – making our company transform and transcend to a better and more proficient to solutions. The Learning Disabilities In the article made by Douglas Cathon (2000), he mentioned there the seven disabilities introduced by Senge (1990). We shall be tackling those ones in this part and identify them to have a broader knowledge on the efficacy that it will br ought to the progression of the companies and/or organizations. First disability would be the â€Å"I am my position† (p. 5), that states that one of the impediment to attain development is because of the too much in depth to the mentality of one’s person to their job that it already become as part of their personality or their personal identity in their everyday living. In this sense, what would be the problem is the single minded thinking. This obstructs the chance for individual to attain more ideas as well as positive change by being stagnant of the status quo where we are into. We do not embrace new circumstances that would contribute to our own wellness and success. Also, it would limit individual to see their accountability and responsibility. They only focus on what they do and feel

Revolution on British government and society Essay Example for Free

Revolution on British government and society Essay It is not so much the events of 1688 that constitute a revolution as the subsequent changes in the constitution that show a transformation in the nature and ideology of government. There was no internal uprising, no civil war and most importantly, the succession of William of Orange and his wife Mary to the English throne was authorised by a Convention, acting in lieu of parliament in the absence of King James II. Indeed it could be argued that this was not a revolution at all, if James departure is to be interpreted as his abdication. Contemporaries, keen to replace the unpopular, Catholic monarch with a man who was seen as a deliverer from popery and slavery, reasoned as such. In actual fact James never did renounce his claim to the throne. Fleeing London in the dead of night, he took with him The Great Seal, traditionally held by the monarch and dropped it in the Thames and he burnt the writs that were to call anew parliament. He would later attempt to recapture his crown, rallying support in Ireland to prepare for an invasion that was to fail. But whether or not this dynastic change, made by those who, in theory, did not have the authority to do so, is enough to deserve the title revolution, what cannot be denied is that this marks the end of the era of the absolute monarch. Williams Declaration of Rights, which was to become statute within a year, echoed Lockean ideas of sovereignty, supporting a parliament that was to keep check on the authority of the monarch and protecting Rights and Liberties of the people. No King or Queen thereafter would be able to rule as James or Charles had done before them. In the years following the revolution a system of government working through the authority of the executive Privy Council and the houses of Lords and commons, headed by the monarch soon evolved into a working body that formed the basis of what we still have for government today. By the 1720s the way Britain is ruled had been turned around, but the changes cannot be solely accredited to the events of 1688. When William invaded England he had European motives at heart. He was keen to avoid a union of France and England that would be a threat to the Protestants of the Northern and Germanic lands. He was aware of James unpopularity as a Catholic ruler of an overwhelmingly Protestant nation and he sought to take advantage of this to try and win allies. He expected to meet with resistance and had prepared and army of troops, but James was deserted by the little support he had to begin with in the face of danger, eventually even by his closest advisors and his own sister. William toured England for four weeks, propagandising himself as a saviour from James evil counsellors, who had challenged the laws, liberties, customs and religion and wanted to revive Catholicism. He arrived in London and in the absence of the monarch the city was occupied and ordered by his Dutch soldiers while a decision could be reached. It is important to remember that William never independently laid any claim to the throne; he had expected to meet resistance in England. He aimed to battle against what he saw as a catholic threat, which he was careful to stress as being on the part of James advisors and not the King himself, and although the impact that this revolution had was profound, it was not all part of a pre-ordained plan. What followed was an immediate crisis. The capital was under the order of foreign troops and the King had deserted. It forced the political nation to examine the constitution and find a solution. A Convention was called and a vote was taken to offer the throne to William and his wife Mary, daughter of the departed king on January 22nd 1689, only a month after James departure. It was a hasty political decision, pressure was felt by the presence of Dutch troops, but there was also a Protestant fear of James gathering support and returning, or claims being laid for his infant son, whom he had taken with him. There was resistance, the House of Lords initially voted against the idea, feeling they had sworn an oath of loyalty to James, that he was still their king, and that such radical action was not right. A monarch is not elective. The theory was that the monarch was granted his authority form God and man was not to meddle with His choice. There was no support for a republic, with the feeling that a firm figurehead was necessary to maintain order and a deep attachment felt for hierarchy and patriarchy. Yet to instate a new monarch seemed in itself to mock the whole principal of monarchy. Under pressure from the Commons and from William and Mary themselves and with no other solution, the Lords were finally swayed, their stance weakened by internal disunity and mistrust. Interpretation of the finer details of the theory of monarchy and nuances of vocabulary played and important role in this unique revolution, which, on the whole, was met with popular support. William and Mary had been put on the throne as an alternative to James II. Parliament had granted them this privilege and they were willing to allow parliament a more active role in government. The revolution had been almost ad hoc and there was sparse new ideology to implement, the Convention drawn up by parliament was effectively a reaction to the way in which both Charles II and James II had ruled and a call to protect the peoples ancient and indubitable rights. It was more of a written version of what was previously expected behaviour with little fundamental change to the relationship between legislative and executive powers specified. But William had to accept this as a code of practise from his parliament, recognising that even if the monarch had popularity and capability, he needed to work through the legislative powers. The monarch was required to call parliament to session, but this would be inevitable as William was only granted a years revenue. Parliament had the authority to oversee all public expenditure and so the monarch would always be dependant on them. Changes to the structure of government took effect gradually during the years following the revolution, but from the start the role of parliament was augmented, which initiated subsequent developments. They met for much longer sessions than before 1688, enabling a great deal more legislation to be passed, and allowing for Bills to be more thoroughly debated. Much of the legislation passed was still local or occasional in essence, such as permission to build a workhouse, but although this could be viewed as undermining the revolutionary nature of parliaments more prominent role, the fact that MPs were more available to take action on their electorates specific grievances, helped to ease the frictions between local and executive power as the nations political make-up was evolving. Although from a modern perspective these changes are viewed as progressing towards a more rational system of government, during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, people were often concerned about social stability which they believed was at risk with so much legal development. It was a commonly held view that life should be stable and predictable. People wanted to feel sure of their position, their income and their king and government. In an era where the poor always risked slipping into poverty after a bad harvest, increasing involvement in foreign warfare and frequent changes in the government, questions were raised about the permanence of law, and whether Common Laws of liberty and property, viewed by many as sacred, were at risk. But at court the belief that good government was upheld by frequent parliament, against the weakness of individual MPs or encroachment by the monarch led to the Triennial Act of 1694, limiting parliament to three years. Elections were held on average every two years and there were various amendments and contests in between. This Act was later replaced and the time extended to seven years, the advisors to the king often too easily influenced elections proved costly and short-lived parliaments. The Act shows parliament as uncertain of its own role, and is an example of a developing government that was evolving along its own path in the years following the revolution, more caused by what the revolutions changes allowed rather than what they intended. The development of the two key political parties, the Whigs and the Tories is another feature of this evolution of government. With three active parts to the government all being of equally weighted importance, and more frequent changes of personnel in parliament, there was more of a need than ever for politicians to associate themselves with a certain ideology and for Lords and MPs to support each other to push through Bills. William himself wanted to remain above the level of party, which he did, and indeed, there were members of parliament, more so in the House of Lords who chose to be independent and cast their vote on issues individually. But the solidarity of party was the most effective way of getting laws passed and King George himself, not many years later, was aligned with the Whigs, who although in the days of the revolution had been in favour of political progression, now came of as the monarchical party and there were suspicions of Jacobinism in the Tories. Religion was still a very important factor in politics, despite the Act of Toleration in 1689, which allowed non-Anglican Protestants to swear allegiance to the throne. There was still a widely held belief that religious homogony was key to social stability, but it had been the clergy that had shown the most resistance to William taking the crown, and with no clear heir in line for the throne the problem of succession and the possibility of a Jacobite up-rising prompted him, a Calvinist himself, to attempt to include Protestant minorities, especially those in Scotland and Ireland. Although the law did not make any exception for Catholics or Quakers, it did encourage a sense of tolerance that was benefited by both groups. The Quakers would be later allowed the right to practise in legalised meetinghouses, but Catholics still posed a threat, especially in Ireland, where the population was largely Catholic. After the Revolution, James had attempted to reclaim his throne, starting in Ireland, arranging support from France for the Catholic cause. But James lacked the leadership and resolve that he met in William when they met at battle in Derry and Enniskillen and he again escaped to France. The so-called bloodless revolution may have been so in England, but in both Ireland and Scotland the transition was not so smooth. Civil war in Ireland exhausted James supporters into defeat and in Scotland a series of highland wars lasted around five months in 1691, which initially started as a Jacobite up rising. William found Scotland impossible to manage. Although not dominated by Catholics, it was not predominantly Anglican either and James had more support here because of his familys close ties with Scotland. In the years following the Revolution, Scotland was only reluctantly part of Britain. She had her own laws and traditions, presided over by a Scottish parliament in Edinburgh, which declared even further independence with the abolition of the Lord of Articles, further undermining control from Westminster and making Scotland appear more of a threat. William would not be able to exert his Royal will through Edinburgh. But following a bad harvest in 1695, with many dying of hunger or fleeing to Ulster, Scotland realised the benefits of a closer union with England to involve herself in Englands efficient internal trade and lucrative colonial empire. The Act of union came into effect in 1707, dissolving the parliament in Edinburgh and instating peers and MPs from Scotland at Westminster. In England, the union provoked little reaction, but in Scotland it was bitterly opposed by many. Problems within Scotland were often a result of internal social divisions, most markedly between the highland clans and their more anglicised lowland neighbours, who had seen the union as a way to improve Scotlands economy. The death of Queen Anne in 1714 proved a difficult start for the union. The question was raised of the possible succession of her Catholic half brother, but with the Act of Settlement from 1701 forbidding any non-Protestant to sit on the throne, the Crown was inherited by George I. He faced a Jacobite uprising within the year, but his reign is largely characterised as a time of peace and relative stability after the turbulent post-revolutionary years. The Glorious Revolution had seemed on the surface to be swift, decisive and painless, yet the principals of change that as Burke claimed justified it as a revolution took years to really take shape. By the time of King George the role of monarch had been dramatically reviewed, no longer seen as a ruler from God, but as a figure head for a nation governed by a system of parliament, which relied on the mutual dependency of the two houses and the executive to abide by a sense of appropriate behaviour. Queen Anne was the last to use the Royal veto, something much exploited by the monarchs before 1688, the workings of parliament and the Privy Council had become more regular and thorough and a system of party politics had developed. The characters of William, Anne and George, who all failed to immerse themselves in domestic affaires and the extraordinary calibre of ministers at work during this time, perhaps eased the transition but it still remains that, while the revolution of 1688 had a profound and lasting impact on British society and government, the relationship worked both ways. The practical workings of British society and government were what moulded the developments after the revolution, developments that justified the glorious revolution to be called as such.

purpose :: essays research papers fc

ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether seedlings of the same kind will sprout faster under different controlled temperatures. The three controlled temperatures were 32Â °, 20Â ° , and 5Â ° degrees Celsius. The hypothesis will prove that the plant in the normal temperature range will sprout faster than the plants in the higher or lower temperatures. The procedure that was followed to support my hypothesis was to observe six germinating seeds in six separate pots. Two pots each were placed in three controlled temperature conditions. The seeds were of the same type. The same size pot was used, along with the same soil. A big hole was punched in each pot to allow for proper drainage. A measured amount of soil was put in the pots, and then one seed was placed in each pot and covered with soil. Each pot was saturated with water. An equal amount of sun, and water was provided daily over a twenty-day period. Two pots were put under a heating source to create a temperature higher than room temperature. These pots were labeled A and B. Two other pots were placed at the current room temperature of my house during winter months. These pots were labeled C and D. The last set of pots were labeled E and F and were placed in a cooler environment. The pots were observed and the data was recorded daily. The end result of this experiment was that the two plants that were placed under a heating source produced sprouts faster than the plants with no heating source. This proved my hypothesis to be false. The heating source provided a better growing environment than the normal and lower temperatures. BACKGROUND Most gardeners know not to plant seedlings until after the last winter frost. Some gardeners start planting early by starting their crop inside where the temperature doesn’t reach freezing. Is the best growing environment at room temperature? Would the seedling be affected if the temperature is a little colder or warmer. I always thought that normal temperatures produce normal healthy plants. A normal environment seems more stable and therefore the plant is more likely to grow quicker. If the environment is normal then the plant does not have the added stress of adapting to it’s environment. I think it would be helpful for gardeners to know which temperature a plant grows best in. A superior seedling will produce a superior crop.

Deconstructing redemption in The Road

â€Å"There Is no God and we are his prophets†: Deconstructing Redemption In Corm McCarthy The Road. (paper under review: not for quotation) Stefan Skirmisher The University of Manchester Stefan. [email  protected] AC. UK 09/09/09 Abstract Despite its overwhelmingly positive reception, the apparently redemptive conclusion to Corm McCarthy The Road attracted criticism from some reviewers. They read in it an inconsistency with the nihilism that otherwise pervades the novel, as well as McCarthy other works.But what are they referring to when they Interpret redemption', the ‘messianic' and ‘God' In McCarthy novel? Some Introductory thoughts from apocalypse theory and deconstruction reveal a more nuanced approach that not only ‘saves' McCarthy from the charge of such critics. It also opens up more interesting avenues for exploring the theme of redemption and the messianic in contemporary disaster fiction. Introduction Justifiably effusive praise was heaped, by t he literary community, upon McCarthy multiple award-winner The Road (2006).But perhaps the most interesting reaction came in the form of critique of the allegedly â€Å"redemptive† and â€Å"messianic† tone of Its conclusion. Michael Cabochon's celebrated review of the book argued that McCarthy appeared to insert such a tone â€Å"almost†¦ In spite of himself',l that is, out of character with his usual nihilism. Another reviewer went as far as to suggest the novel â€Å"failed† the â€Å"modernist challenge: to write about a holocaust, about the end of everything†¦ What happens Is a redemption, of sorts, arguably absurd In the face of such overwhelming nihilism. 2 One wonders how McCarthy himself would respond. Perhaps we should begin by recalling the cautionary and prophetic injunction that Nietzsche appended to one of his last works, Ace Homo: â€Å"l have a terrible fear I shall nee day be pronounced holy: one will guess why I bring out this book beforehand; it is Intended to prevent people from making mischief of me†¦ My truth Is dreadful: for hitherto the Ill has been called truth. â€Å"3 Nietzsche feared the untimely nature of the truth he came to announce to a modernity whose ‘end' had only just begun.He predicted the unpreserved of us â€Å"murderers of God† to stand up in the ruins of the transcendent â€Å"old God† of metaphysics, and an unwillingness to create our own tragic pursuit of life. God, he would later write, would simply refuse die; the task of modern man was therefore to kill him again and again. He difficult and paradoxical redemption offered in The Road is very far from resurrecting the old God of metaphysics. Indeed, I would like to argue in the following that it interweaves themes both of resistance (the refusal to die) and mourning (the passing of irreversible loss).In doing so, the novel powerfully engages the reader with the very porous nature of redemption in the context of its post-apocalyptic environment. Engaging McCarthy text in this way invites a Adrienne, deconstructive reading of the narrative of redemption in contemporary disaster fiction in general. This is cause the conversations and thought-experiments employed by McCarthy attempt in many different ways to destabilize and provoke questions of the binary oppositions involved in that very discussion of redemptive ends (indeed, of the possibility of conceiving ‘ends' at all).There are oppositions such as the saved and the damned, the lost and the retrievable; the redeemed and irredeemable futures. McCarthy provokes the question, in particular, of what meaning we might possibly attach to human redemption and the â€Å"messianic† in an ostensibly irredeemable earth. What can be hoped for, sustained, and believed in? On the one hand, therefore, McCarthy pursuit of life and lives in the scorched wasteland bears all the hallmarks of Nietzsche tragedy – the â€Å"taming of ho rror through art†4 -as opposed to a comic rendering of the apocalypse (in which the righteous are spared the calamities of the end).On the other hand, the ambiguous sense of the messianic in The Road hints at more than lyrical or existentialist responses to tragedy. By tracing McCarthy exploration of redemption alongside developments in the continental philosophy of religion, first in the form of ‘death of God theology, and second, that of indestructibility of the messianic, I hope to open up some exploratory questions about the ambiguity of redemption in this highly influential piece of contemporary fiction.Ends of The Road Michael Cabochon states that for authors attempting a move into the futuristic post- apocalypse genre, â€Å"it is an established fact that a preponderance of religious imagery or an avowed religious intent can go a long way toward mitigating the science- fictional taint. â€Å"5 And so Cabochon believes that, in McCarthy novel, the father â€Å"f eeds his son a story'. By constructing the creed or injunction to â€Å"carry the fire†, the story is infused with a â€Å"religious sense of mission† that, incarnate in the hope given to the life of the boy, â€Å"verges on the explicitly messianic†. We would do well to pause in front of the implications of this word â€Å"messianic†. Who is saved: the boy? The promise of human community? And who or what comes to save? The boys saviors at the end present a hesitant, and uncertain departure: the guarantee only that others like him are alive. The messianic here would appear to take the form as much as a threat as a promise. And yet, taken from the Hebrew term for ‘anointed one', the concept of messiah in Jewish and early Christian literature is indeed bound up closely with the apocalyptic social upheaval. Certain expressions of the messianic thus anticipate both destruction (of the old world) and rebirth (of the new). In Jewish rabbinic thought what is crucial for messianic belief is its relationship with history and historic experience. It is visionary hope in the present for the way things could be, whether these are simply restorative or utopian. 8 The tradition that emerges is subsequently one of the announcement of such a promise of the future through the voice of the prophets.Anticipating Jacques Deride, the concept of the messianic announcement is the voice of the fringe, the outside of sanctioned, homogeneous discourse: â€Å"a call, a promise of an independent future for what is to come, and which comes like every messiah in the shape of peace and Justice, a promise independent of religion, that is to say universal. â€Å"9 Whilst The Road carries its own utopian and dyspepsia prophets, however, redemption is nowhere conceived or expressed as the restoration of peace. Nor is it infused with any hope in the renewal of the earth, or even of the narrative of new beginnings for the scorched landscape.McCarthy relentlessl y refuses reassurance that any return to a golden age is possible. The novel is an exploration of the irreversible, of â€Å"things which could not be put back†. 10 In what, then, consist its alleged religiosity, its messianic expectation, or â€Å"greater The clues lie in the relationship formed between a salvation to come (framed in the metaphor of the road itself: Mimi need to keep going. You don't know what might be down the road†12) and the ambiguous sense of endings running throughout the book. The father's own life represents a refusal of the simplicity of endings.His son must not lay down and die. Or, more precisely, he may not die of his own choosing, before the Father has calculated death's permeability on his behalf. The terror of the novel is thus generated within the narrative context of this slipping away of the control over the appropriate end. The son knows neither how to die alone, nor, symbolically, the function of the pistol in his hands: (â€Å"l d on't know what to do, Papa. I don't know what to do. Where will you be? â€Å")13 In relation to a search for the messianic, we must seek the sense of redemption only within this disestablishing sense of time.The messianic takes on a perverse sort of tension between the desire for end as closure, and the refusal to end, as the resistance of death, and finality. The boys terror at the task asked of him (to kill himself) is not complicated. But this struggle between ends and beginnings in The Road also expresses the paradoxical nature of the post-apocalyptic genre in general. If we accept James Burger's account of post-apocalyptic narrative as concerned essentially with â€Å"aftermaths and remainders†, then we must also follow his conclusion that it is always oxymoron: â€Å"the End is never the end†. The modernist assumption, in Frank Sermon's celebrated study, has been that the â€Å"sense of an ending† is what gives our living â€Å"in the middies†1 5 narrative meaning. But post-apocalypse means the very unsettling of those temporal frames. It â€Å"impossibly straddles the boundary between before and after some event that has obliterated what went before yet defines what will come after. â€Å"16 Indeed, we can see the influence of this scatological tension – a concern to much modernist and postmodernist literary exploration of the nature and meaning of narrative closure.Paul Fiddles' wide ranging study of such explorations suggests that if there is a malaise in the writing of closure into contemporary fiction, it simply reflects the more general environment of â€Å"constant crisis†, replacing the sense of completion and fulfillment of history, in which we live. 17 Such a paradox also partly reflects The Road as a study of the refusal of endings, and e ipso a refusal of the redemption normally associated with the narrative end. For our fascination is drawn not to those who are destroyed, but to those who refuse to die.If McCarthy style emulates, as some critics suggest, the biblical language of Revelation, they can't have missed SST. John's vision, borrowed probably from Job, that during the scatological calamities, â€Å"people will long for death and not find it anywhere; they will want to die and death will evade them. â€Å"18 A comedic articulation of this craving crops up in the Backbitten character of Ely, echoing precisely the post-apocalyptic dilemma: Things will be better when everyone's gone. They will? Sure they will. Better for who? Everybody. Sure. We'll all be better off. We'll all breathe easier.That's good to know. Yes it is. When we're all gone at last then there'll be nobody here but death and his days are numbered too. He'll be out in the road there with nothing to do and nobody to do it. He'll say: Where did everybody go? And that's how it will be. What's wrong with that? 19 McCarthy is arguably concerned, like Becket, to explore the experience of the death of God as instant paradox. That is, as a source of the death of hope for some, but also of an absurd affirmation of life by others, condemning them to a life of scatological suspension – of waiting, but for what?Our encounter with the ‘post' of post-apocalypse is, then, immediately one with the challenge of making narrative and ethical sense of the life that remains, rather than he purely nihilist gratuitousness of a death that won't come. It is more akin to Albert Campus' Rebel, 20 charged with the task of making an ethics of action in the absurd condition, without resorting to a leap of faith that removed the lucid reality of the absurd itself. It is the life of Sisyphus, who has made his rock his entire â€Å"universe† of meaning. 1 All talk of redemption and the messianic must take seriously this simultaneous presence of both the ‘end' and the refusal, or undesirability, of endings. The question that emanates from The Road is perhaps this one: what does nee do, given the knowledge of a certainty of the collapse of life, which might make walking possible along the remainder of the Road? How can this search operate within the traumatic experiment of post-apocalypse, of the never-ending? Dermis's interest in the concept of ‘apocalyptic time'.For Deride can be argued to echo the refusal of the security of endings that I have suggested lies at the heart of The Road. Deride refuses the scatological language of triumphal historicist (particularly in reference to Fuchsia's ‘end of history thesis), invoking Hamlet's fearful dictum, â€Å"the time is out of Joint†22 To express this refusal. Similarly, McCarthy frames the experience of this time of the ‘remainder' not as the aftermath of the singular catastrophic event. Rather, it is the perpetuity of catastrophe itself: the uncertainty of relationships, ecology, and the possibility for human community.The thought experiment becomes one of a tortuously open future, the absenc e of referents for forging new values, new rules, and new duties. The novel thus plays on the post-apocalypse genre by creating a dissonance of temporal perspectives. Time has already run out and is yet, for the boy, opening out inexorably: nothing has really knishes. For the father, the character of the time that remains is defined by the anxiety not only of the limited time allotted to him (who is really dying) but of the dubious gift of extending the time allotted the son into the future – and who's death he will not be able to oversee.Through the tender and contradictory relationship of the father and son, then, the genre of post-apocalypse is turned on its head. We grapple not so much with the post-modern fragmentation of endless traumatic symptoms,23 but the juxtaposition of these two impossible positions in the dialogue of father and child. On the one hand there is a protection of and desire for the end: the father's desire to secure the least tortuous conclusion to hi s son's life.And on the other there is the need for a beginning: the son's overwhelming concern for who and what must lie beyond: who exists? What are they like? Who looks after them? Who will guarantee their safety in the future? Apocalyptic Time Death, or limit, is thus explored in The Road as a painful loss of control over time. This resistance to the consolation of narrative ends represents the most unique and creative aspect of McCarthy apocalyptic style. But what can we say about ‘apocalyptic' literature in general that may shed light on the ambiguity of McCarthy redemptive turn?Literary apocalypses, in Jewish and Christian interdepartmental literature, intentionally sought to trace the limits of communicable discourse. It did this, crucially, against the political traumas of history, in which an old world was thought to be dying and a new one arising, which would completely overturn reality. Through visionary events bestowed upon favored emissaries or recipients, heaven ly truth revealed, through apocalypses, the â€Å"place beyond the limits of language†25 to unanimity. What is the function of this type of limit-discourse?Implicit to all apocalypses there is an ethically loaded injunction that the truth of the world is not all that is visible or conceivable by human means. 26 At its root, then, apocalypse claims that a deeper destiny and purpose lies underneath, and is here, through text and vision, disclosed. Revealed. It is this aspect of the coding of Revelation that so attracts Dermis's attention in his celebrated essay, On a Newly Arisen Tone in Philosophy. Dermis's fascination is with the figure of John and the complex symbolism of the fragmented, yard messages of the future contained in his vision.There is, believes Deride, something primal to Western thought in John's act as the messenger, this role of being the favored dispatcher of revelation and denouncing the false' ones, the â€Å"impostor apostles†. 27 Is there an echo of this cryptic prophecy in McCarthy – for instance, the language of God who is both announced and yet uncontainable, even within the friendly woman's talk of the â€Å"breath of God† that â€Å"passes from man to man through all of If so, the crucial lesson for an apocalyptic reading of McCarthy would be that apocalypse guarantees no certainties about future realities.On the contrary, it would be to resist the â€Å"temptation† of one apocalyptic tone, and to hear instead apocalypse as an â€Å"unmistakable polytonally'. 29 There is, in a deconstructive reading, only a deeper fragmentation and disestablishing of meaning and truth. And this is precisely the concern of Dermis's critique of an ontological and ‘contemporaneous' reading of history. As Fiddles puts it, narrative can be deconstructionist in the sense that, like the book of Revelation, â€Å"[the] ending deconstructs itself, and so disperses meaning rather than [completes] it. 30 This same ins tability and impermanence of discourse is prevalent within the illegal between father and son in The Road. The meaning of words and the possibility of language itself becomes shorn of its social or ethical grounds. McCarthy even poses the problem as one of the absurdity of text in the post-apocalyptic future. From the referent-less discussion of metaphor â€Å"as the crow flies†31 (to the boy, who has never known the existence of birds) to the man's memory of pausing in the â€Å"charred ruins of some library' and experiencing absolute dislocation between the value of words and the burnt remains of â€Å"the world to come†. 2 An attempt to speak in a world where words and meanings are disappearing mirrors ruefully the attempt to invoke faith in a world in which God is increasingly absent. The God of The Road is the impossible presence, the one whose name is invoked (by the father, and by the woman at the end) but whose very existence would pose only problems, not solu tions. To Ely, the possibility of the persistence of god or gods is a fearful prospect and impedance to the task at hand (of surviving?Or dying? ): â€Å"Where men can't live gods fare no better. You'll see. It's better to be alone. â€Å"33 But the existential struggle facing both the father and Ely is precisely the realization that, in he very act of their survival, something unshakeable of the trace of God (in the book it moves from â€Å"word†, to â€Å"breath†, to â€Å"dream† in that order) is incarnate. This appears, admittedly, as a curse to Ely, whose survival the father finds incredible.The fate bestowed on any unlucky enough to carry on down the road is to carry the remainder, the aftermath of this ineffability and this absence: â€Å"There is no God and we are his prophets. â€Å"34 It is, finally, in reference to the knowledge and memory of dying that any talk of the possible meaning of redemption must orient itself: hence hat must the remaining humans carry on being humans? The man questions Ely on this point: â€Å"how would you know if you were the last man on earth? † to which Ely replies â€Å"It wouldn't make any difference. When you die it's the same as if everybody else did too. 35 The framing of post-apocalypse narrative in this context reiterates the centrality of the question of remainders, of those who might remain to remember and to hold the consciousness of humanity and the possibility of discourse (and therefore of God? ) in their very surviving. God is Dead (again) The reference to God, and God's potential for solving the conundrum of the meander (perhaps, wonders the man, â€Å"God would know' that you were the last on earth) is typically McCarthy. He is concerned mostly to problematic belief rather than to reject it or affirm it entirely through his characters.The fragmented quasi- theological discussions echo the brilliant, extended account of the preacher who does theological battle with a dyin g faith in The Crossing. 37 But, once again, a deeper examination of what sort of theistic faith such references might imply goes some way to answering those readers unhappy with McCarthy redemptive conclusions. Ells sat remark bears similarities to attempts made in the sass to articulate a faithful religious response to the existentialist current, through a â€Å"Death of God Theology'. Alongside Thomas J. J.Altimeter, The protestant theologian Paul Italics famously argued for the language of modern theology to acknowledge not only the ontological inadequacy of speaking of God's existence (since the essence of God is a Being â€Å"beyond Being†). Theology must also acknowledge the failure of human experience to allow this access in the first place. For many of these thinkers the ‘God of the theologians' had died on the battlefields of Europe during World War l. To thus define God in negative terms was not only a semantic step. It was to couch Thee-logos as the discour se of absence par excellence.And certainly through the eyes of the other religious existentialists (Aggregated, Bereave, Dostoevsky, Auber) the search for God was the reaffirmation of the absurd, its crucifixion in the mystery of human suffering, not its resolution. Another exemplar, the Catholic convert Simons Well, had expressed it through the figure of Mary Magdalene on Easter Saturday: one moves towards the tomb motivated by death, an expectation of the corpse, not an optimistic pop in life. It is human suffering that motivates our movement â€Å"towards reality', and the mystery in which God (through his absence) is to be found.Likewise, influenced heavily by Nietzsche, Italics described the true act of faith of the believer as one who does not attempt to square the existentialist crisis of despair but who has â€Å"the courage to look into the abyss of nonbinding in the complete loneliness of him who accepts the message that â€Å"God is dead†. 38 A difficult God to f ind, to be sure, since for Well, Italics and others, the problem of nihilism was not to be squared by the gift of faith. It was to be lived in the paradox of human suffering – in the seeking, not the finding, of an answer to suffering.Perhaps The Road shares some features of these attempts to grapple with the death of God. But it is only really with Dermis's exploration of the messianic and time that deconstruction, to repeat, attempts to go beyond philosophy and society's obsessions with talking of the ‘end' of thinking, metaphysics, God, politics, Marxism, etc. Deconstruction tries to counterbalance this fascination with definitive ends by announcing the end of a â€Å"electronic† crisis rhetoric itself. Deride thus highlights the err possibility of crisis discourse as the last form of meaning that one clings to, and whose loss signals a truly existential death.The true crisis is that there may no longer be a â€Å"philosophy of crisis† : â€Å"there is perhaps not even a ‘crisis of the present world'. In its turn in crisis, the concept of crisis would be the signature of a last symptom, the convulsive effort to save a World' that we no longer in habit: no more kiosks, economy, ecology, livable site in which we are ‘at home†. 39 One recalls, in the light of this, the discussion in The Road of the possibility of both knowing, and not owing, preparing, and not preparing, for the â€Å"event†, the brief glimpse of which holds an elusive taint of horror over the narrative.Ely confides in the man: I knew this was coming. You knew it was coming? Yeah. This or something like it. I always believed in it. Did you try to get ready for it? No. What would you do? I don't know. People were always getting ready for tomorrow. I didn't believe in that. Tomorrow wasn't getting ready for them. It didn't even know they were there. 40 This intervention into crisis thinking problematical the very status of event – its u ndesirability, its uncertain definitiveness. It mirrors Dermis's critique of an Aristotelian, favored presence of the â€Å"event† itself.Ultimately, such a critique leads to Dermis's ability to pose a distinctively Jewish opposition to this privileging of the event: namely, the reassertion of a certain messianic, a therefore mystical, mysterious return to a revelatory messianic. It is, however, a messianic â€Å"without messianic†; â€Å"stripped of everything†,41 or in other words unbounded by the specificity of this or that dogmatism, religion, and metaphysics of salvation. In deconstruction, then, we can no longer speak of the privilege of the ‘contemporary. 2 What does that concept imply in the context of McCarthy narrative?It opens out the analysis to the concept of redemption without the guarantee of the ‘event' that would guarantee salvation in the manner of the promises of institutional religion. Such a sentiment recalls the â€Å"iconoclas tic† reformulation of hope that was prevalent in post-war Jewish critical theory (particularly in Ernst Bloch). This meant a redemption without reference to the face of God; only the notion of promise itself. 43 Deride expresses a notion of the future as being not a future-present' but as something perpetually out of reach.It produces, like death, the effect of interminable non-occurrence, perhaps in the manner by which the â€Å"event† of The Road is announced: â€Å"The clocks stopped at 1 Time itself, like discourse, and like belief, is suspended; shorn of its referent. The messianic impulse that survives even a book binding to the commitment of expectation: more akin, once again, to the suffering of the waiting Vladimir and Estrogen. The apocalyptic element of The Road, then, might not be the announcement of some catastrophic event in time either in the past (since this is never dwelled upon) or the future.It is rather the revelation of traces, of remainders and re minders, of the God who might also be dying since he â€Å"fares no better† than men when men can't live. 45 The apocalyptic always appears with a hidden face, in the impossible or inconceivable encounter with the end of all things, of death itself. The consolation offered to the boy by his father is that he has always been â€Å"lucky'. 46 Beyond irony, the word â€Å"luck† seems shorn of its associations with providence, destiny, and blessedness, and more like an unhappy covenant: an unspoken agreement that the boy is bound to continue, to keep going.The continuation of life is a brute fact for the boy as much as for Ely (neither apparently aware what keeps them going). And yet the boy is very unlike Ely, not because of his innocence, but because of his temporal language. What will happen, he asks of his father, to the other boy? To the man they abandoned? To the people imprisoned in the house? The conundrum for Ely is otherwise, and framed in the time that was. Wha t has happened; did we see it coming? What were we thinking? Even if we did, how could we have been expected to choose?If there is redemption in The Road, perhaps all we can say of it is the ability o ask questions of the future, as opposed to only those of the past, of mourning that which cannot be put right. Redemption without redemption The ‘event' is indeed problematic for post-apocalypse. But it is problematic not simply because finality is put off indefinitely (as Berger claims). It is problematic for its revealing, or disclosing, our lack of control over its arrival. Apocalypse is temporal catastrophe: a disruption of our chronic desires, time we possess, can control.The future is certainly terrible, but it is agonizing particularly for our thorniness into its uncertainty. Redemption, then, if it is relevant at all, must be seen as the ability to imagine that what one sees now is not all that there is. In the book of Revelation calamities are predicted that meticulously symbolism the passing of apportioned periods of time according to divine order, not those of powers and principalities. 47 In The Road, however, the father is possessed by his responsibility to Judge the ‘right time' of his son's end, and so spare unbearable life.The crisis recalls Abraham's struggle with God's command to act out the unthinkable, here repeated in the Father's own self-doubt: â€Å"Can you do it? When the time comes? When the time comes there will be no time. Now is the time. Curse God and die. â€Å"48 One passes over it easily, but by the end of the novel, the father's command to his son to leave him occurs by way of an admission of weakness; an apology for entrusting life with him: â€Å"l can't hold my dead son in my arms. I thought I could but I can't†49.Is this the conclusion thought to give some sort of redemptive lift to the narrative – a â€Å"fog leaf† to the unacceptable narrative of total disaster? 50 1 would argue cynical pe rspective, rather than the consolingly messianic one. In this view the ether's committal of the son to the future is not performed out of faith in the persistence of goodness. His commitment is, more simply, in the inability to cease suffering, to cease walking along the road. The father's sense of an open future is not hard to grasp in itself: it is the only thing left to offer his son.Yet what is the most significant imaginative turn in what follows? I would argue that it is not that the boy subsequently finds fellow travelers we are to believe are also the good guys who are â€Å"carrying the fire†. Nor even is it that they, like the woman, are also those that cosines the persistence of the divine in the world. Rather, it is an admission by all characters of a disestablishing uncertainty about that road that lies ahead. It is there in the implied pause of the man's response to the boy at the end of the novel: â€Å"He looked at the sky. As if there were anything to be see n.Yeah, he said. I'm one of the good guys. † 51 There is no evidence in what precedes this moment that any place the new community will reach can support life. Nor, I think, are we meant to intuit such a turn towards the future. One cannot ignore, in any case, the terrifying allusions that lie underneath McCarthy choice of the word â€Å"fire†. Cabochon is quick to point this out: the new hope for human community are people â€Å"carrying fire in a world destroyed by fire†. 52 But we can go further than this, since the irony recalls the central theme of another classic of the post-apocalypse genre.In William Miller's A Canticle for Leibniz, the scattered survivors of global nuclear war attempt to construct the new civilization by destroying all forms of scientific knowledge. They do this on the premise that such knowledge will lead inexorably to the same situation of nuclear terror. A secluded community of monks become the last guardians of ancient knowledge, pre serving it for such a time that knowledge will once again be responsibly applied. But the fear is vindicated by the recapitulation of humanity to a second wave of nuclear apocalypse at the novel's horrifying conclusion.